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Online Training Programs and Materials
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Training Resources contains myriad online training materials for fire practitioners and others to build their skills and understanding of many subject areas as well as resources available for wildland fire professionals not included in a formal training course or module.
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Online Training Resources
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Online Training Resources
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Opinion : No quick switch to low-carbon energy
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In the first of two pieces on reducing greenhouse-gas emissions, Gert Jan Kramer and Martin Haigh analyse historic growth in energy systems to explain why deploying alternative technologies will be a long haul.
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Climate Science Documents
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Opposing plant community responses to warming with and without herbivores
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If controls over primary productivity and plant community composition are mainly environmental, as opposed to biological, then global change may result in large-scale alterations in ecosystem structure and function. This view appears to be favored among investigations of plant biomass and community responses to experimental and observed warming. In far northern and arctic ecosystems, such studies predict increasing dominance of woody shrubs with future warming and emphasize the carbon (C)-sequestration potential and consequent atmospheric feedback potential of such responses. In contrast to previous studies, we incorporated natural herbivory by muskoxen and caribou into a 5-year experimental investigation of arctic plant community response to warming. In accordance with other studies, warming increased total community biomass by promoting growth of deciduous shrubs (dwarf birch and gray willow). However, mus- koxen and caribou reduced total community biomass response, and responses of birch and willow, to warming by 19%, 46%, and 11%, respectively. Furthermore, under warming alone, the plant community shifted after 5 years away from graminoid-dominated toward dwarf birch-dominated. In contrast, where herbivores grazed, plant community composition on warmed plots did not differ from that on ambient plots after 5 years. These results highlight the potentially important and overlooked influences of vertebrate herbivores on plant community response to warming and emphasize that conservation and management of large herbivores may be an important component of mitigating ecosystem response to climate change.
arctic climate change global warming herbivory species interactions
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Climate Science Documents
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Image of Organization address fields for How to Add an Organization tutorial.
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Organization Search Partnership Type and Save Button Image
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Image of Organization Partnership Type and Save Button for How to Add an Organization tutorial.
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Image of Organization Search Results for How to Add an Organization tutorial.
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Organization Title and Description Image
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Image of Organization Title, Description, and Image fields for How to Add an Organization tutorial.
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Image of Organizations Search drop down item for How to Add an Organization tutorial.
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